Стив Джобс биография на английском языке представлена в этой статье.
Steven Paul Jobs was born on 24 February 1955 in San Francisco, California, to students Abdul Fattah Jandali and Joanne Carole Schieble who were unmarried at the time and gave him up for adoption. He was taken in by a working class couple, Paul and Clara Jobs, and grew up with them in Mountain View, California.
He attended Homestead High School in Cupertino California and went to Reed College in Portland Oregon in 1972 but dropped out after only one semester, staying on to «drop in» on courses that interested him.
He took a job with video game manufacturer Atari to raise enough money for a trip to India and returned from there a Buddhist.
Back in Cupertino he returned to Atari where his old friend Steve Wozniak was still working. Wozniak was building his own computer and in 1976 Jobs pre-sold 50 of the as-yet unmade computers to a local store and managed to buy the components on credit solely on the strength of the order, enabling them to build the Apple I without any funding at all.
The Apple II followed in 1977 and the company Apple Computer was formed shortly afterwards. The Apple II was credited with starting the personal computer boom, its popularity prompting IBM to hurriedly develop their own PC. By the time production of the Apple II ended in 1993 it had sold over 6 million units.
Inspired by a trip to Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), engineers from Apple began working on a commercial application for the graphical interface ideas they had seen there. The resulting machine, Lisa, was expensive and never achieved any level of commercial success, but in 1984 another Apple computer, using the same WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer) interface concept, was launched. An advert during the 1984 Super Bowl, directed by Ridley Scott introduced the Macintosh computer to the world (in fact, the advert had been shown on a local TV channel in Idaho on 31 December 1983 and in movie theaters during January 1984 before its famous «premiere» on 22 January during the Super Bowl).
In 1985 Jobs was fired from Apple and immediately founded another computer company, NeXT. Its machines were not a commercial success but some of the technology was later used by Apple when Jobs eventually returned there.
In the meantime, in 1986, Jobs bought The Computer Graphics Group from Lucasfilm. The group was responsible for making high-end computer graphics hardware but under its new name, Pixar, it began to produce innovative computer animations. Their first title under the Pixar name, Luxo Jr. (1986) won critical and popular acclaim and in 1991 Pixar signed an agreement with Disney, with whom it already had a relationship, to produce a series of feature films, beginning with «Toy Story» (1995).
In 1996 Apple bought NeXT and Jobs returned to Apple, becoming its CEO. With the help of British-born industrial designer Jonathan Ive, Jobs brought his own aesthetic philosophy back to the ailing company and began to turn its fortunes around with the release of the iMac in 1998. The company’s MP3 player, the iPod, followed in 2001, with the iPhone launching in 2007 and the iPad in 2010. The company’s software music player, iTunes, evolved into an online music (and eventually also movie and software application) store, helping to popularize the idea of «legally» downloading entertainment content.
Стив Джобс – американский бизнесмен, талантливый руководитель, сооснователь , ее идейный вдохновитель, директор и председатель совета директоров. До 2006 года был директором (СЕО) анимационной студии Pixar (Пиксар), именно Стив Джобс дал ей это название.
Стив Джобс (полное имя – Стивен Пол Джобс ) родился 24 февраля 1955 года в Сан-Франциско, США, Калифорния. Его биологическая мать – Джоан Шибле . Биологический отец – Абдулфаттах Джандали .
Стивен родился у незарегистрированных в браке студентов. Отец Джоан был против их отношений и пригрозил лишить свою дочь наследства, если она не разорвет их. Именно поэтому будущая мать Стива уехала рожать в Сан-Франциско и отдала сына на усыновление.
Джоан выставила условия для усыновления: приемные родители Стивена должны были быть обеспеченными и иметь высшее образование. Однако семья Джобсов, которая не могла иметь своих детей, не обладала вторым критерием. Поэтому будущие приемные родители дали письменное обязательство оплатить обучение мальчика в колледже .
Мальчик был усыновлён Полом Джобсом и Кларой Джобс , урождённой Агопян (американка армянского происхождения). Именно они дали ему имя Стивен Пол .
Джобс всегда считал Пола и Клару отцом и матерью, он очень раздражался, если кто-то называл их приёмными родителями:
«Они - мои настоящие родители на 100 %»
Согласно правилам официального усыновления, биологические родители ничего не знали о местонахождении сына, и Стивен Пол встретился с родной матерью и младшей сестрой только через 31 год .
Школьные занятия разочаровали Стива своим формализмом. Преподаватели начальной школы Мона-Лома характеризовали его как проказника, и только одна учительница, миссис Хилл , смогла увидеть в своём ученике незаурядные способности и найти к нему подход.
Когда Стив обучался в четвёртом классе, миссис Хилл давала ему за хорошую учёбу «взятки», в виде сладостей, денег и наборов «сделай сам», тем самым стимулируя его обучение.
Это быстро принесло плоды: вскоре Стив Пол начал прилежно учиться без всякого подкрепления, а в конце учебного года настолько блистательно сдал экзамены, что директор предложил перевести его из четвёртого класса сразу в седьмой . В результате по решению родителей Джобс был зачислен в шестой класс, то есть в среднюю школу.
Оканчивая школу, Стив Джобс принял решение подать документы в колледж Рид в Портленде, штат Орегон. Обучение в таком престижном колледже, специализирующемся на гуманитарных науках, было безумно дорогим. Но когда-то родители Стивена обещали молодой женщине, родившей их сына, что ребенок получит хорошее образование.
Родители согласились оплатить учебу, однако стремления Стивена приобщиться к студенческой мажорной жизни хватило ровно на семестр. Парень оставил колледж и углубился в поиски своего предназначения . Этот этап жизни Джобса прошел под влиянием свободных идей хиппи и мистических учений Востока.
Стивен Пол подружился со своим одноклассником Биллом Фернандесом, который тоже интересовался электроникой. Фернандес познакомил Джобса с увлекавшимся компьютерами выпускником, Стивеном Возняком (“Воз”) , старшим его на пять лет.
В 1969 году Воз с Фернандесом начали собирать небольшой компьютер, который они прозвали «крем-содовым» и показали Джобсу. Так Стив Джобс и Стив Возняк стали лучшими друзьями.
“Мы долго сидели с ним на тротуаре перед домом Билла и делились историями - мы рассказывали друг другу про свои розыгрыши и про разработанные нами устройства. Я чувствовал, что у нас много общего. Мне обычно тяжело объяснять людям все тонкости электротехнических устройств, которые я собирал, но Стив хватал все на лету. Мне он сразу понравился. ”
Из воспоминаний Стива Джобса
Стив вместе с Возом начал работу над платами для компьютеров. Возняк в то время был членом кружка компьютерщиков-любителей «Homebrew Computer Club» . Именно там его посетила мысль о создании собственного компьютера. Для осуществления идеи ему понадобилась лишь одна плата.
Джобс быстро понял, что разработка товарища является лакомым кусочком для покупателей. На свет появилась компания Apple Computer . Apple начинала свое восхождение в гараже у Джобса.
Компьютер Apple II стал первым массовым продуктом компании Apple, созданной по инициативе Стива Джобса. Это случилось в конце 1970-х годов. Позже Джобс увидел коммерческий потенциал графического интерфейса, управляемого мышью, что привело к появлению компьютеров Apple Lisa и, год спустя, Macintosh (Mac) .
Проиграв борьбу за власть с советом директоров в 1985 году , Джобс покинул Apple и основал NeXT - компанию, разрабатывавшую компьютерную платформу для вузов и бизнеса. В 1986 году он приобрёл подразделение компьютерной графики кинокомпании Lucasfilm, превратив его в .
Он оставался CEO Pixar и основным акционером, пока студия не была приобретена в 2006 году, что сделало Стивена Пола крупнейшим частным акционером и членом совета директоров Disney.
В 1996 году компания Apple купила NeXT . Это было сделано для использования ОС NeXTSTEP в качестве основы для Mac OS X. В рамках сделки Стив Джобс получил должность советника Apple. К 1997 году Джобс вернул контроль над Apple , возглавив корпорацию.
Под руководством Стива Пола Джобса компания была спасена от банкротства и через год стала приносить прибыль. В течение следующего десятилетия Джобс руководил разработкой iMac , iTunes , iPod , iPhone и iPad , а также развитием Apple Store , iTunes Store , App Store и iBookstore .
Успех этих продуктов и услуг, обеспечивший несколько лет стабильной финансовой прибыли, позволил Apple стать в 2011 году самой дорогой публичной компанией в мире.
Многие называют возрождение Apple одним из величайших свершений в истории бизнеса. В то же время, Джобса критиковали за жесткий стиль управления, агрессивные действия по отношению к конкурентам, стремление к тотальному контролю за продукцией даже после её реализации покупателю.
Стив Джобс получил общественное признание и ряд наград за оказанное влияние на индустрию технологий и музыки. Его часто называют «визионером» и даже «отцом цифровой революции» . Джобс был блестящим оратором и вывел презентации инновационных продуктов на новый уровень, превратив их в увлекательные шоу. Его легко узнаваемая фигура в чёрной водолазке, потёртых джинсах и кроссовках окружена своеобразным культом.
5 октября 2011 года , после восьми лет борьбы с раком поджелудочной железы, Стив Джобс скончался в Пал-Альто в возрасте 56 лет .
Steve Jobs (25.02.1955 - 05.10.2011) - American businessman and inventor.
Steve Jobs was born on 24 February 1955 in San Francisco. His full name was Steven Paul Jobs. Birth parents abandoned him and then Steve was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. Some years later his adoptive parents affiliated a daughter, Patti.
Paul was a mechanical engineer and worked for a corporation which produced lasers. Steve’s stepmother was a bookkeeper. She taught him to read at an early age and Paul showed Steve elementary electronics. Steve himself always insisted that Paul and Clara were his parents.
In 1972 Steve Jobs graduated from high school in California and became a college student at Reed College in Portland. He also attended lectures at the HP Company and then began to work there with his schoolfellow Steve Wozniak.
In 1976 Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne established Apple. Some years later Steve Wozniak created a new personal computer which carried Apple forward. Its name was Apple II. Steve Jobs worked on design and sales of new device.
In 1980s Xerox PARC introduced its product, mouse-driven graphical user interface. Steve Jobs predicted the success of Xerox PARC’s invention and this was an incitement to development of the Apple Lisa. The creators were Ken Rothmuller and John Couch. In addition to that Jef Raskin invented Macintosh in one year.
There was a race for power in Apple in 1985. Steve Jobs lost it and left the company. He decided to found a new corporation which was called NeXT. This company produced technologies for organizational markets and higher-education.
In 1986 Steve Jobs got the computer graphics branch of Lucasfilm Ltd. Later it was reorganized into Pixar Animation Studios. Steve worked on famous animated cartoon ‘Toy Story’ as an executive producer. He was controlling shareholder and his percentage was 50.1%. In 2006 The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar Animation Studios and Steve became the stock owner and a member of its Board of Directors.
In 1996 NeXT was included in Apple. Consequently Steve returned to work for Apple and became its co-founder. Afterwards the NeXTSTEP codebase was used for the Mac OS X. In 1996 Steve Jobs was chosen as an advisor of Apple and interim CEO in 1997. In 2000 he became Chief Executive Officer of Apple. He supervised elaboration of the iMac, iPad, iPod, iTunes, iPhone and other company’s products.
On March 18, 1991 Steve married Laurene Powell. Married couple had son and two daughters. Jobs also was in a relationship with painter Chris Ann Brennan. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, their daughter, was born in 1978. She was Steve’s first child.
In 2003 Steve’s illness was diagnosed as a rare form of pancreatic cancer. He was cured of it. But in 2009 Steve sustained a liver transplantation. His health became worse. In August 2011 Steve Jobs resigned as Chief Executive Officer but he remained Chairman of the Board till his dying day. On October 5, 2011 he died.
Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (
; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, marketer, and inventor, who was the co-founder (along with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne), chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he is widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields, transforming "one industry after another, from computers and smartphones to music and movies". Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC"s mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. He also played a role in introducing the LaserWriter, one of the first widely available laser printers, to the market.
In early summer 2004 he called me. He was very friendly to me for many years, sometimes even too friendly, especially in the days of the launch of any new product. Steve wanted to device appeared on the cover of Time or to be told on CNN - in those places, where I then worked (before 2004 - editor"s note). But since my departure from these companies for a long time I have not talked to him. When he called, we talked a little about the aspen Institute - my new job - and then I invited him to a meeting in our summer camp in Colorado. He said that he would come, but speak in public he is not willing. On the contrary, he just wanted to walk with me and talk.
It seemed strange to me. Until then I had no idea about his preference to conduct serious conversations during long walks. As it turned out, he wanted me to write his biography. I just recently published a biography of Benjamin Franklin, and worked on a book about albert Einstein. So, naturally, my first reaction was surprise. I even wanted in полушутку ask him whether he considers himself worthy to be among those people? At that moment I thought that his career - with UPS and downs - far from complete. So I refused. Not now, I said then. Maybe in ten years-twenty, when you come to retire.
Some time later I understood that he called me shortly before his first cancer surgery. I watched it with amazing effort and deep emotional colouring is fighting his illness. And it convinced me. I realized how his identity rooted in the created products. His passions, weaknesses, desires, pranks, artistry, obsessive tendency for total control - all this was inseparably linked with his approach. So I decided to write his story as a case study of creativity.
A couple of weeks ago I visited jobs at his home in Palo Alto. He moved to the bedroom on the first floor, because he was too weak to walk up the stairs. He was troubled by pain, but his mind was clear, and humor - ever bright. We talked about his childhood, after which he gave me some photos of his father and family, so I used them in writing the biography. As a writer, I used to be separate , but when I tried to say goodbye, I felt a sudden wave of sadness. To hide it, I asked him a question that so long and could find no answer. I asked him why he with such fervor sought to open yourselves to me for nearly fifty interviews and many conversations over the last two years? Usually he preferred to keep privacy. He answered: “I want my children to know me. I don"t always been right there with them. I wanted them to know the reasons for that and we understand the meaning of my actions.”
Jobs is a co-founder of Apple, the man behind the astonishing success of the computer animation firm Pixar - a billionaire regarded as a visionary in the industry. Born to an Egyptian father nd an American mother in Green Bay, Wisconsin, 49 years ago, Steven Paul was adopted soon after his birth by Paul and Clara Jobs, who lived in Mountain View in Santa Clara, California.
After completing high school in California, Jobs went north to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, but dropped out after one term. Back in California, he became a regular at the Homebrew Computer Club, along with another young man, five years his senior, with his own visions of the future - Steve Wozniak.
In 1976, when Jobs was 21, he and Wozniak started their own business, the Apple Computer Company, in Job"s family garage. With a mission to produce affordable personal computers, the pair went to the market with Apple 1 shortly afterwards. A local company ordered 25 of the prototype and the pair were on their way. The almost instant success of Apple 1 and its sister Apple 2 launched them. By the age of 25 Jobs was worth $165m.
Apple was the first landmark in Job"s career but by 1985 he was on his way out after John Sculley, who had joined the company from Pepsi-Cola decided it was time to drop the pilot. Four years later Jobs returned with another computer company, NextStep, which never achieved the success of Apple but reminded people he was far from finished.
What was later hailed as Job"s second coming started with the involvement with Pixar, the animation company he bought from the Star Wars director, George Lucas, and renamed. The hit movie Toy Story instantly established it as one of the key players in Hollywwod, a success only added to with the release of Finding Nemo. Pixar made Jobs a billionairre. His triumph there also reminded people of his ability to predict the technological future. Apple asked him to return. He came back in 1997 and within a year the ailing company was once more making handsome profits.
His latest venture may turn out to be the most influential . Since the emergence of high-speed Internet the music industry has complained that it"s being brought to its knees by the pirates of downloading. The dream of hundreds of companies has been a way to harness the desire for music on the Internet and turn it into profit. Jobs believes that iTunes is the answer. But then Jobs doesn"t believe in underselling his companies. "This will go down in history as the turning point for the music industry," he told Fortune magazine at the launch of iTunes in the US. Journalists who have been following Job"s career have also seen another side of his personality when he has walked out of interviews, irritated at the time of questioning and refusing intrusions into his personal life. He is not known for his patience.
"We can"t have a heroic figure without a fatal flaw, was the assessment of David Plotikoff, writing a profile earlier this year in local paper." Jobs exudes arrogance of a certain blastfurnace intensity that people find hard to overlook. With Jobs it was never enough to say"We"re right on this and they are wrong." No, it was always "We"re right on this and they are idiots." But Plotnikoff added: " There is simply no way the Mac could have been born without that supreme confidence."
If there has been a theme to Job"s success it has been his genius for finding other geniuses and promoting their brilliance.
